Communication Skills for Interpersonal Capabilities- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCommunication Skills for Interpersonal Capabilities. Answer: Justification While communicating verbally, the sender sends a message in the form of speech, which is transmitted through a medium, to the receiver. The sender acts as an encoder and the receiver is the decoder. Interpersonal communication is the process of communicating and sharing thoughts between two persons. For instance, when I someone shares his/her opinions with me, I listen to those carefully and participate by commenting on those verbally. It can be a positive feedback or a negative one depending on the situation. While speaking to someone, I express my verbal interpersonal capabilities. When I was doing my group project I used several academic scholars and journals to establish my presentation. It was easy for me because my reading goals were clear and I chose right texts and journals. My reading style and skills were correct and I used my note taking techniques. Clear reading goals helped me increase the reading efficiency. I scanned the whole documents available on the internet and selected my required files for the presentation. I compiled all the information I gained through reading and presented the academic document effectively and efficiently. I have learned a lot from that small exercise of teamwork. As it was a group exercise, it was necessary to practice and do a lot of work while preparing it. It required proper coordination and team work as effectiveness of a team always leads to success. It helped me gain knowledge about working in a team while maintaining peace and harmony. Group members play a very crucial role in the completion of a project; therefore, it is necessary to give equal importance to everyones opinions and views. However, there was huge work while preparing for the exercise, but it was fun and helped me learn a lot. At times, when confusion emerged, I handled the situation nicely. Recently, I was facing an issue regarding workplace biasness at an organization. I reported the incident to the concerned person in the first place, as it is necessary to have an open conversation regarding this. Going public or informing my work friends beforehand would have been a wrong decision, as it would have created unnecessary commotion. There was also a chance of them not believing me in the first place. Keeping quiet could have created serious issues later. Moreover, supporting this issue would have been unethical. In the meantime, I collected some evidences regarding this issue and established my points on the basis of the ACS Code of Ethics. I have learned that it is important to be honest and impartial in order to maintain the standard and effectiveness at the workplace. It is necessary for the supervisors to maintain loyalty among the company. I raised these points to establish my actions and questioned the value system of the organization. Treating each and everyone eq ually is the duty of the management. Effectiveness of team work completely depends on the way the team members are working in order to achieve a common organizational goal. Efficient team members maintain peace and harmony, while working. Generally, it doesnt happen by accident. Excessive amount of hard work, cooperation, struggle and commitment results into a better team, which is the key to success. A team is only productive when it is committed to a specific goal and the members are able to complete the goal by using their own resources. When our team was introduced to the goal, all of us came forward and worked as an individual unit in order to finish the task. Each of our members equally participated in the given task and shared their efforts in order to get good results as it is essential for the teams success. Moreover, diverse workforce can be regarded as a reflection of changing marketplace and the world. Cultural diversity helped in introducing high values to the work. Respecting the differences of every indiv idual proved to be beneficial, by creating competitiveness and increasing the work productivity as well. I have learned that it is important to be honest and impartial in order to maintain the standard and effectiveness at the workplace. It is necessary for the supervisors to maintain loyalty among the company. I raised these points to establish my actions and questioned the value system of the organization. Treating each and everyone equally is the duty of the management. It is necessary for the supervisors to maintain loyalty among the company. Companies need the workers to perform better, faster and smarter which will result in more productivity. After the completion of this project I have learned regarding the two major communication and collaboration technologies of human-computer and human machine interfaces. It helped in creating newer ways for doing the work. Even in organization, the social media platform can be used to a huge extent, in order to market themselves. It will also contribute in outsourcing and collaboration, resulting in the productivity of the organization. Two things I liked the most are: Improving my reading and writing skills, through personal assessment. It helped me identify the areas of improvement. In addition to this, I learnt how to work in a team by maintaining peace and harmony. Second thing I liked the most is, enhancing my listening skills through effective interpersonal communication. Moreover, I came to know about the workplace Code of Ethics. Two suggested improvements are: The whole assignment is based on individual experiences and not the whole team. As it was a team work, the communication style was mostly in the form of group. Therefore, the question could have been related to group communication skills rather than interpersonal only.

Personality Profiles And Learning Styles Project Essay

Personality Profiles And Learning Styles Project Essay Personality Profiles And Learning Styles Project – Essay Example Personality profiles and learning styles Personality profiles and learning styles This paper will be exploring the assessment of various personality profiles and learning styles. I am going to start by defining what personality profile is and thereafter give a definition of learning styles. A personality profile is a way of identifying, coming up with, representing and giving out information for different reasons. The study of personality profile is mostly based on various personal behaviorism, activities of a small group of people or large company. The study is used to estimate a workers individual features, standards as well as life talents so as to increase his or her efficiency and input to the corporation. Learnings are various theoretical or practical styles that are used by different people depending on their capability. Learning style inventories are outlined to assist the learners know the type of learning preferences they have. According to Flemings (VARK learning style), L earnings can be visual (use of pictorials and images), auditory (group discussions, lectures), writing and reading (textbooks, journals, writing notes) or kinesthetic. Various researchers have conducted different questionnaires and have come up with a number of inventories. In psychology, one has to understand their learning styles as well as personality profile to be productive in their areas of specification and assignment. I have conducted various tests on learning styles and personality profiles. In learning styles the tests have shown that approximately 65% of students have a sensing learning style. This was reached at after observing learners characteristics during questionnaire. Most of these learners are practical and reasonable, they focus on the present as well as observe keenly the environment around them. They also rely on experience and common sense while solving problems. In personality profiles, I carried out one tests and had the following results: the persons mind is kind (69%), energy- reserved(22%), observant in nature(6%), in tactics, the person was searching(9%) and turbulent(53%) in identity. There are sixteen different personality types. I am so amazed to see that the tests I have carried out are completely true. I totally agree with these assessment. I can almost say it is almost 100% true. When it comes to personality profile, this was a test from a friend whom I can say I know absolutely. My friend is all that the test reflected. I also had my own test which was almost same. I learned that my personality type is (ISFP) Knowing my results has helped me to be open-minded and reflect on most important areas for me to be successful. I have to work more on planning so as to be proficiency. References 16personalities.com/ ualc.umass.edu/ psu.edu/ http://psychology.about.com/od/educationalpsychology/a/vark-learning-styles.htm http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/personality-profile

Important College Application Deadlines You Cant Miss

Important College Application Deadlines You Can't Miss SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Timing is everything. Nowhere is this saying more true than in the college application process. From taking the SAT to writing your personal essay to submitting your Common App, the process takes months, if not years, to complete. So when do you need to finish gathering all your application materials and submit them to your colleges? That all depends on your deadlines. This guide will go over the different options for college application deadlines, plus step-by-step instructions on how to keep track of them all. First off, what are the different options for applying? What Are the Options for College Application Deadlines? There are thousands of colleges in the U.S., all of which may offer one or more of the following options for applying: regular decision (RD), early action (EA), early decision (ED), and/or rolling admissions (RA). The first three options have set deadlines, while rolling admissions is the odd one out with a range of time within which a student must apply. When preparing to apply, you have to carefully research each school's policy. Some early action schools place restrictions on your applications to other colleges. Early decision involves a binding contract in which you promise to enroll in the school if you get accepted. Make sure you understand the rules, along with the pros and cons, of each option, before choosing one for your college applications. To give one example, early admission pushes your college planning timeline earlier by a few months. Before choosing to apply early, you'll have to get ready with your SAT or ACT scores, recommendation letters, personal essay, and course grades. When you apply to your favorite schools, you want to make sure you're sending the very best application you can. Another major consideration is financial aid. When you apply early decision, you agree to enroll before getting to see your financial aid offer. This could be a dealbreaker for a lot of students, so ask yourself this question before jumping into ED and finding yourself in a tough situation. These are two of the most important factors when planning out your application strategy. This guide willgo into more detail about your application timeline below, but first let's look at the most common college application deadlines 2019 and popular schools that have them, starting with regular decision. Most regular decision deadlines are in January. What Is Regular Decision? The majority of students apply to school regular decision. These are the college application deadlines you might have heard all about, usually in the beginning of January (so much for a relaxing winter break). The most common RD deadline is January 1. January 15 is a popular one, too. One big exception to the January deadline involves the schools in the University of California system. The UC application deadline is uniquely early at November 30. There are also some schools with late deadlines in February, March, or April. In some cases, you'll need to complete part of the application before the final deadline. For example, if your school requires or recommends an interview, in some cases you'll set this up earlier. Most commonly, though, you'll apply in January and then hear back sometime in March or April. You might be waiting for a lot of notifications, as you can apply to as many schools as you want under regular decision. Unlike some of the other options, there aren't any restrictions placed on you when you apply RD. Whether you're interested in the NYU application deadline or Stanford deadline, you need look no further. The RD deadlines of some popular colleges are listed below. Regular Decision Deadlines of Popular Schools School Regular Decision Deadline American University January 15 Boston College January 1 Boston University January 6 Bowdoin January 1 Brandeis January 1 Brown January 2 CalTech January 3 Columbia January 1 Cornell January 2 Dartmouth January 2 Duke January 2 Emory January 1 Georgetown January 10 Harvard January 1 Johns Hopkins January 2 MIT January 1 New York University January 1 Northwestern January 2 Princeton January 1 Stanford January 2 Tufts January 1 UNC Chapel Hill January 15 University of California November 30 University of Chicago January 2 University of Michigan February 1 University of Notre Dame January 1 University of Pennsylvania January 5 University of Southern California January 15 University of Virginia January 1 Vanderbilt January 1 Villanova January 15 Wellesley January 15 Yale January 2 Some of these schools also offer early action or early decision. Read on to learn about early action and the EA deadlines of some well-known schools. What Is Early Action? Early action pushes your deadline and notification earlier by a few months. The most common EA deadlines are November 1 and November 15. You'll hear back in December, maybe before you've even sent off your RD applications! Under early action, you could get accepted or denied. There's also a third option unique to early admissions: getting deferred. Getting deferred means that your app is pushed into the regular applicant pool to be evaluated again later. With more and more students applying early each year, early admissions is getting ever more competitive, and deferrals are becoming more common. It is possible that you could get accepted in the next review cycle. You might call the admissions office and ask for further information if you get deferred. You could also send your mid-year grades or updated test scores to improve your application. Don't despair if you get deferred- but do be proactive and figure out your next steps. A few schools have a restrictive or single choice early action program that prevents you from applying to more than one school under EA. These schools include Harvard, Princeton, Yale, Stanford, and the University of Notre Dame. If your school's not restrictive, then you can apply early wherever you want. But as MIT says, "If you apply to another school during Early Action that does have a restriction, MIT requires that you respect those rules...you may not simultaneously apply to MIT." Besides the rare single choice EA program, early action doesn't have any other restrictions. You're not obligated to accept if you get offered a spot based on your EA application. Like with your RD schools, you have until the national response date of May 1 to make and submit your decision (and deposit). Being able to wait until May 1 to choose your college allows you to gather all your acceptances and compare financial aid offers. As you'll see below, this opportunity isn't available if you apply early decision. Before delving into how ED differs from EA, let's take a look at some popular schools with early action and their deadlines. Early Action Deadlines of Popular Schools School EA Deadline CalTech November 1 Georgetown* November 1 Harvard* November 1 MIT November 1 Princeton* November 1 Stanford* November 1 UNC Chapel Hill October 15 University of Chicago November 1 University of Michigan November 1 University of Notre Dame* November 1 University of Virginia November 1 Villanova November 1 Yale* November 1 *Restrictive or single choice early action. Most schools offer one or the other when it comes to early action and early decision, though there are a small number that offer both, like UChicago. Much of what was true for EA holds true for ED, with one important difference- early decision is binding. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. What Is Early Decision? What exactly do people mean when they say that early decision is binding? They're referring to the contract that you, plus your school counselor and a parent, sign when you apply ED. With this contract, you agree to enroll in the school if you get accepted. You're saying both that the school is your first choice and that you have no doubt you'll attend if accepted. If you apply ED and receive that happy news, then you'll accept the offer, send in your deposit, and withdraw any other applications you made to other schools. You might be wondering how you can agree to attend a school before seeing your financial aid offer. If so, you'd be right that this is a potentially big drawback to applying ED. You're expected to commit without first seeing any commitment of financial aid from the school. Does this mean you shouldn't consider applying ED if financial aid is important to you? Not necessarily. If you have a dream school and you'd like to communicate your enthusiasm by applying ED, then I'd recommend speaking to its financial aid office about what its process is like. Do they meet all demonstrated need? Is there any possibility of renegotiation if your offer isn't what you thought it'd be? Make sure to answer these important questions before binding yourself to a contract you might not be able to fulfill. The binding agreement you make with ED is the main feature that differentiates it from EA. Otherwise, it might have the same exact deadlines and notification dates. You might apply by November 1 or November 15 and hear back in December. Some schools also offer Early Decision II. ED II still involves a binding commitment, but it pushes the deadline a couple months forward to January. Since early decision apps are put on the fast track, you'd hear back sometime in February. Below is a list of popular schools that offer early decision and their ED I and/or ED II deadlines. Early Decision Deadlines of Popular Schools School Deadline for ED I Deadline for ED II American University November 15 January 15 Boston College November 15 January 15 Boston University November 1 January 6 Bowdoin November 15 January 1 Brandeis November 1 January 1 Brown November 1 N/A Colby November 15 January 1 Columbia November 1 N/A Cornell November 1 N/A Dartmouth November 1 N/A Duke November 1 N/A Emory November 1 January 1 Johns Hopkins November 1 N/A New York University November 1 January 1 Northwestern November 1 N/A Pomona November 1 January 1 Smith November 15 January 1 Tufts November 1 January 1 University of Chicago November 1 January 2 University of Pennsylvania November 1 N/A Vanderbilt November 1 January 1 Villanova November 1 N/A Wellesley November 1 January 1 Wesleyan November 15 January 1 So far, all these application options involve specific set deadlines. You have to get your application, test scores, and everything else in on time. Late materials could hurt or eliminate altogether your chances of getting accepted. There's one other option in the world of college admissions that's a bit more flexible: rolling admissions. Schools with rolling admissions open up a range of time for apps to "roll in"- and notifications tend to be spaced out over a few months, too. What Is Rolling Admissions? If your school has rolling admissions, then it gives you a window of time in which to submit your application. This period of time typically ranges from the fall to the spring. There's no specific Penn State deadline, for example. Penn State makes its application available on September 1 and reviews submissions on a rolling basis. Some schools claim to have rolling admissions (RA), but also have a priority deadline in November or December. Penn State's priority deadline is November 30. If you're really excited about a school, then you should try your best to meet the priority deadline. Effectively, this turns your RA school into one with a deadline. But at least its rolling policy gives you a safety net in case something comes up and you miss the priority filing date. Even if your school doesn't have a priority deadline, it's a good idea to set one for yourself and get your application in early. RA is done on a first come, first served basis. There's always the possibility that spots could fill up, or get more competitive as there's less and less space for new students. Besides upping your chance of admission, another motivating factor could be that the sooner you apply, the sooner you'll hear back. You might hear back just a couple weeks after applying, or the school might send out notifications on certain fixed dates throughout application season. Either way, the sooner you submit your app to them, the sooner they can give you an answer. RA, unlike ED and some EA programs, is not restrictive. You can still apply anywhere else you want. Some schools with rolling admissions include Penn State University, University of Pittsburgh, Indiana University, Michigan State, University of Maine, University of New Haven, University of Alabama, and the University of Tulsa. After reading through these options, you've noticed that schools vary in their deadlines and policies. Sometimes the admission policy of one school, like single-choice EA, affects how you'll apply to other schools on your list. You want to make sure you're not breaking any rules or mixing up any key dates as you go through the process. With all these dates and deadlines, how can you keep track of everything? Keeping Track of College Application Deadlines You might get lucky and find that all your deadlines are January 1. Or you might have a mix of dates, with a restrictive November deadline, some January ones, and a few that are rolling. It's critical to keep everything recorded and organized, and not just so you get everything in on time. Your deadlines help determine other steps in the college app process, like when you should ask for rec letters and what dates you can take the SAT or ACT. A lot of schools use a helpful online system called Naviance to keep track of your deadlines and requirements. Your Common Application will also show your college deadlines and most of the steps you've completed so far. Considering all the accounts you'll create- Naviance, Common Application, College Board- make sure to write down all your user names and passwords and keep them in a safe place. You definitely don't want to deal with the frustration of having to change passwords each time you log in or get locked out of your account the night of the deadline! All the organization that applying to college requires will help you develop and maintain good habits throughout senior year and into college. If you prefer to have a hard copy or to reinforce the deadlines by writing them down, you could also create your own list of colleges and deadlines, along with a checklist of what you need to do. Here's what this would look like in its most basic form: School Deadline Option Deadline College 1 Regular January 1 College 2 Restrictive early action November 1 College 3 Rolling admissions Apply by April (I’ll apply by January 5)* *If your school has rolling admissions, you may set a deadline for yourself. You can find full lists of early action deadlines and early decision deadlines in our guides, or you can search for "College Name + deadline." It's always a good idea to double check the most recent information from the college itself, as schools occasionally change their policies. As I mentioned above, your deadlines affect how you get ready to apply. Some components that especially require early and thoughtful planning are the SAT and ACT, your letters of recommendation, and your personal essay. When Should You Take the SAT or ACT? Students almost always improve their scores when they retake the SAT or ACT. Taking the official test is valuable experience that you can learn from. Plus you can study your score report and prep to improve the next time. To give yourself opportunities to retake the SAT or ACT, you want to take it for the first time long before your college deadline.; If you're applying regular decision, then you might take the SAT or ACT for the first time in the fall of junior year and again in the spring. Since it takes about three weeks for scores to be released, you might have a few more opportunities to take in the beginning of 12th grade, like in August, September, November (or maybe December). If you're applying early admissions, then August, September, or October would be your last chance to take the SAT or ACT. It'd be pretty nerve-wracking to put so much pressure on this last minute test date. Ideally you'd have your scores all set by the end of junior year. You could even push the schedule mentioned above back, so that you take your first test in the spring of sophomore year. By knowing your deadlines, you can plan out your testing dates and study schedule to ensure you've achieved your SAT or ACT target scores in time to apply. Same goes for your recommendation letters. When Should You Ask for Recommendation Letters? A second component that requires advance planning is your letters of recommendation. You should ask your teachers at least a month before your deadline. It can also be a good idea to ask 11th grade teachers at the end of junior year, when they remember you best. Besides making the request, you also should be filling out a "brag sheet" or sharing ideas with your teachers on what would go into your ideal recommendation letter. This means you've done some thinking about what you'd most like admissions officers to know about you and your goals for the future. If you're applying regular decision, you should ask your teachers in November, if not earlier. A lot of teachers set a quota- they can only write so many letters. If you know your English teacher will be bombarded with requests, for example, make sure to ask early! If you're applying EA or ED, then you should ask in when school starts up again in August or September. Again, you could also ask at the end of junior year and just follow up with a reminder in the fall. Finally, you'll also be working on your personal essay for a few months before your deadlines. When Should You Write Your Personal Essay? I'm sure none of you have ever stayed up all night writing an essay due the next day...or maybe all of you have. But if there's one essay you shouldn't leave for a last minute all-nighter, it's your personal essay for college. Even though it's a short essay- only 650 words for the Common App- it's a big challenge. Actually, the shortness of it is part of what it makes it so tough. How can you hone in on a specific experience that reveals something unique and significant about your identity in so few words? Because it's such a challenge and so important in your college application, you want to start thinking about it early. Some students go through several changes of topics before discovering the best one. Even just reading the prompts and mulling them over are important parts of the writing process. Your ideas will benefit from incubation. You might be out running or taking a shower when an exciting essay topic pops into your head. Apart from the brainstorming stage, drafting and revising takes a long time too. With only 650 words, you want to be careful that you're choosing the right ones and expressing yourself as clearly, powerfully, and vividly as you can. You might also elicit feedback from friends, parents, and teachers and incorporate their suggestions in your essay. Or not- above all, it's your voice and your story to tell. The summer before senior year is a great time to work on your personal essay. At the very least, I'd recommend starting two to three months before your deadlines. No late night writing frenzies for your college essay- put the time and thought into crafting an essay that admissions officers will remember. Other important aspects of your application are any other supplemental essays, sending your transcripts, and of course, the application itself. Take time to fill everything out accurately and write about your extracurricular activities in a compelling way. Finally, proofread and double check everything before pressing submit! At this point, you should have a clear sense of the various deadline options for U.S. colleges and how to prepare your application in time. Let's go over the most important points to remember when applying to college. Key Points to Remember College offer one or more of the following four options for applying: regular decision, early action, early decision, and/or rolling admissions: The majority of students apply under regular decision. It usually has a January deadline and a March or April notification. Early action usually has a deadline in November and a notification in December. Some schools require single choice early action. Early decision is binding, meaning you agree upfront to enroll if you get accepted. ED deadlines might be in November and/or January, and you'll find out if you got in a month or two later. Preparing your college application takes a long time, especially your SAT or ACT tests, recommendation letters, and personal essay, so plan ahead. Above all, make sure to keep track of all your deadlines and plan out each component of your application. Spacing out the process will help you break it down into manageable steps and balancing it with your course work and extracurricular activities senior year. All this organization will help you with any projects and applications that lie in your future! What's Next? We're continually updating our site with in-depth guides to help you through the college process. Learn more about choosing a college, requesting recommendation letters, and preparing for the SAT and ACT. What College Should You Go To? How to Choose Should I Go to a Big or Small College? When is the FAFSA Deadline? Choosing your SAT / ACT Dates: When's a Good Time for You? The Ultimate SAT Study Guide for SAT Prep 4 Amazing Sample Rec Letters from Teachers Plus many more articles to help you apply to college and understand college admissions! Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Cross Cultural Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Cross Cultural Communication - Essay Example The results collected from these arguments are very important to examining the high and the low context cultures of the business towards international communication. Communication is as a vital element of the organizational success, but every aspect of communication must coincide with the organizational norms and practices that are guided by the culture (McIntosh et al 2008). However, every organizational culture management requires good leadership as described by Hall in order to coordinate and guide the efforts of the organization towards the achievement of the organizational objectives (Halverson and Tirmizi 2008). Management functions entail planning, organizing, leading and controlling performance of all areas of the organization. Nevertheless, this is slightly different since cross-cultural communication entails management of different cultural aspects in order to attain a competitive edge in the global marketplace (Kachru 2005). Most of the scholarly articles published in the past 10 years have provided supportive evidence that the Hall’s context of cross-cultural management is very significant to the realization of global business management (Halverson and Tirmizi 2008). This is because most of the models that were used prior to Hall’s context lacks adequate evidence and qualitative arguments (DeFillippi and Wankel 2006). Although Hall’s model is being appreciated for its validity in determining the contexts and cultural communication, some researchers argue that it lacks essential validity and attitude in cultural dimensions. The main objective if this research is to determine the coherent scale of measure of Hall’s cultural dimension of High and low contexts and offer valid findings in relevance to communication within German business environment. According to Hall, culture is as a way of life exercised by people of a

Strategic Choice and Evaluation Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic Choice and Evaluation Paper - Essay Example The most suitable grand strategy for Hawaiian Airlines in this case will be concentrated growth. (Galor, 2005). The grand strategy of Hawaiian Airlines involves the division of the main aim into a number of major objectives that will gel together to achieve the overall strategy. This will include a number of long term objectives through which the organization will be able to achieve their main objective which is the reduction of their debt and raising additional capital (Weil, 2008). The achievement of these two objectives will lead to the accomplishment of the main aim which is the expansion and growth of the airline (Debraj, 2008). The grand strategy thus will consist of methods in which these two can be obtained in the most effective way. Though these objectives may have a number of sub-aims within themselves, the grand strategy will focus on the main objective itself and how to ensure it is achieved (Weil, 2008). With this in mind, the grand strategy can be designed as such: This objective will require adept skills in accounting if the aim of 25% is to be achieved in the amount of time allocated (5 years). Reducing the company debt can be done through a number of ways that will involve the management of the organization’s funds and may require the company to tighten its belt in certain areas (Galor, 2005). These ways include, increasing the premium amount that is being paid during the agreed periods of time with their debtors. This increase can be within the realms of 5% and 10% which will make a big difference in the long run (Debraj, 2008). A second means is cutting on unnecessary costs and expenditure to ensure that the current debt does not grow any larger. This may involve the cutting of costs such as paid vacations for the period of time that the debt is being reduced (Weil, 2008). The cutting of costs and increase of debt amount paid will mean that the money accrued will be paid off faster than was previously possible

The Economics Behind Green Revolution In India History Essay

The Economics Behind Green Revolution In India History Essay In the year 1943, India faced one of the worlds worst recorded food disaster, known as the Bengal Famine. The famine took a toll of 4 million people in eastern India alone. The reasons forwarded for this famine was an acute shortfall in the food production in that area. However, the noted economist Amartya Sen believed that the hysteria related to the World War II was a more important factor which made food supplies a low priority for the British rulers. After Independence also, India continued its emphasis on the food production scenario to feed its evergrowing population . To this effect India promoted the Green Revolution during the period 1967-78, focussing mainly on wheat, rice, corn and millets. Prior to 1967, the efforts to achieve a higher level of food production were not very successful. Durng this period the main emphasis was on increasing the total area under food production. The results were nor very enthusiastic. People were still dying of hunger. The rate of growth of population was still higher than the rate of growth of food production. To prevent this government took drastic measures and announced the green revolution. As we mentioned above, the total area under food production was being continually increased after 1947 and this continued to increase even after 1967 to meet the growing demands of food. However, this was not the most striking feature of Green Revolution. Double Cropping of area already under production The area under production was cropped only once a year prior to the green revolution. The government encouraged and developed means to double crop the existing farmlands. This was the most striking and important feature of Green Revolution in India. The one cropping per season was being done owing to the single natural monsoon season in the country. For the double cropping to be successful, government built huge irrigation facilities. Dams were made to capture the huge amount of natural rain water which was earlier wasted. Using improved seeds for production This was made possible through heavy investment in Research and Development. The Indian Council for Agricultural Research was responsible for development of High Yielding Variety of seeds, mainly wheat and rice but also corn and millet. K68 variety of seed for wheat was the most noteworthy of all seeds developed. Developed by Dr. M.P. Singh, this seed was by far the most important contributor to Green Revolution, thus, Dr. M.P. Singh is rightly called the father of Green Revolution in India. Logic of Green Revolution in Economic Development Nationwide agricultural growth with productivity growth The Green Revolution lead to a bumper rise in the overall production and productivity of foodgrains in India and wheat and rice in particular. The farmers were benefitted the most because of higher returns on their investment. They had a bumper produce due to the HYV seeds. Uplifting income of majority of population (rural population) to a certain level The income of a majority of the farmers was increased due to the introduction of HYV seeds as the yields had increased. They were now better off than they were before they used the HYV seeds. Thus, the standard of living of Indian Rural population rose. Thus creating a large market for non-agricultural products and services With the sudden surge in the standard of living the rural population started demanding more of non agricultural products thereby raising their demand in the market which led to a surge in the production of these goods and services. Development of non-agricultural sector in a sustainable manner Thus, the development of agricultural sector gave way to the development of non agricultural sector also, contributing to the overall growth of the economy. Economic Impact of the Green Revolution As mentioned above, Green revolution had a major impact on the economic conditions of India. The major ones are explained below: High yielding variety of seed needed more water, more fertilisers, more fungicides, pesticides and other chemicals. This raised the demand for these products and therby, led to a growth of the non agricultural local manufacturing sector. This growth created more jobs and increased the countrys GDP. Dams that were created for providing irrigation facilities by storing natural rain water were also used for generating hydro electricity. This created new jobs, boosted industrial growth and raised the standard of living of people in rural sector. All the loans that India took from the World Bank and its affiliates were paid back because of the success of green revolution. This helped in making India creditworthy in the eyes of lending agencies and other countries. The green revolution resulted in a huge demand for labour, thus, providing them more employment and, as a result, raising the overall standard of living. Some developed countries, like Canada, were very impressed with the success of Green Revolution in India, they requested Indian Government to help them in implementing the Green Revolution in their country. Indian Government sent some farmers, who were already well versed with the techniques of Green Revolution, from Punjab and Haryana to Canada and got them settled there. This is the reason why there are so many Punjabi speaking Indian origin citizens in Canada today. These people also transferred a part of their earnings to India at that time, therenby, raising Indias foreign exchange earnings. Statistical Results of Green Revolution Green Revolution was a major hit in India and it had the following numerical results: India produced 131 million tons of food grains in 1978-79. India was thus established as the worlds biggest agricultural producer. Not only this, India for the first time, became a net exporter of foodgrains during this period. The yield of our farmlands grew significantly by 30 percent from 1947 to 1979. The total crop area using High Yielding Variety of seeds significantly grew from 7% to 22% of the total cultivated area. Thus, adding to the overall production of food grains.

Events Before Rizal Essay

Significant Events of the 19th Century ï‚â€" The collapse of the Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, Holy Roman and Mughal empires. Liberalism became the preeminent reform movement in Europe. The 19th century was an era of invention and discovery, with significant developments in technological advances of the 20th century. The Industrial Revolution began in Europe. The Victorian era was notorious for the employment of young children in factories and mines. World events (cont.) ï‚â€" Advances in medicine and the understanding of human anatomy and disease thus, accelerating population growth in the western world. ï‚â€" Slavery was greatly reduced around the world and banning slavery throughout its domain, and charged its navy with ending the global slave trade. ï‚â€" Britain abolished slavery in 1834, America’s 13th Amendment following their Civil War abolished slavery there in 1865, and in Brazil slavery was abolished in 1888. French Revolution ï‚â€" A period of radical social and political upheaval in France where the absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years. ï‚â€" The Storming of the Bastille and the subsequent Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was the catalyst of the French Revolution. ï‚â€" As a result, A republic was proclaimed in September 1792 and King Louis XVI was executed the next year. The Storming of the Bastille July 14, 1789 The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Louis XVI Executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793. He was the only king of France ever to be executed. The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte ï‚â€" 1804–1814 ï‚â€" The First French Empire by Napolà ©on Bonaparte. ï‚â€" It brought order to France after the French Revolution. ï‚â€" His reign ushered Europe the Napoleonic Wars. ï‚â€" French power rose quickly, conquering most of Europe, but collapsed rapidly after France’s disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812. ï‚â€" As a direct result of the Napoleonic wars the British Empire became the foremost world power for the next century. Napoleon Bonaparte Le Petit Corporal Battle of Austerlitz also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, as one of Napoleon Bonaparte’s greatest victories, effectively destroying the Third Coalition against the French Empire. French Failed Invasion of Russia December 1812 Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow December 1812 Out of an original force of 500,000– 600,000, only 40,000 frost-bitten and half starved survivors stumbled back into France. Battle of Waterloo 18 June 1815 The defeat at Waterloo put an end to Napoleon’s rule as the French emperor, and marked the end of Napoleon’s Hundred Days of return from exile. The Rise of the Pax Britannica ï‚â€"Britain’s Imperial Century ï‚â€"It lasted from 1815 to 1914 ï‚â€"Around 10,000,000 square miles (25,899,881 km2) of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire. The British Empire Battle of Trafalgar October 1805 The battle was the most decisive British naval victory of the war. Nelson was shot on the quarterdeck. He died three hours later. Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson 1st Viscount Nelson Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. He commanded the allied army which defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo during the Hundred Days in 1815. Latin-American War of Independence ï‚â€" Lasted from 18th and early 19th centuries. ï‚â€" Haiti became the first colony to rebel against France and became independent in 1804. ï‚â€" Soon after, Mexico, Brazil and the rest of South America gradually gained their independence. ï‚â€" This weakened Spain and Portugal as they are depended with their Latin American colonies for raw materials. ï‚â€" This map shows the time period of the different war of independence in South America beginning with Haiti. Battle of Carabobo Venezuela Battle of San Domingo Haiti Independence of Brazil 1822 Battle of Boyaca Colombia Liberatores Simon Bolivar Peru Central South America Bernardo O’Higgins Chile Jose de San Martin Argentina Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla Mexico El Grito de Dolores Franà §ois-Dominique Toussaint L’ouverture Haiti Opium Wars ï‚â€" Also known as the Anglo-Chinese Wars, were the climax of trade disputes and diplomatic difficulties between China under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire after China sought to restrict British opium traffickers. ï‚â€" First Opium War – 1839-1842 ï‚â€" Second Opium War – 1856-1860 ï‚â€" China was defeated in both wars leaving its government having to tolerate the opium trade. Unequal Treaties ï‚â€" Britain forced the Chinese government into signing the Treaty of Nanjing and the Treaty of Tianjin, also known as the Unequal Treaties. ï‚â€" Included provisions for the opening of additional ports to unrestricted foreign trade, for fixed tariffs; for the recognition of both countries as equal in correspondence. ï‚â€" Secession of Hong Kong to Britain. American Civil War ï‚â€" Was a civil war in the United States of America from 1861 to 1865. ï‚â€" Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy). ï‚â€" The main cause of this civil war was on the issue of slavery. ï‚â€" President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation that freed of 3.1 million of the nation’s 4 million slaves, and immediately freed 50,000 of them, with the rest freed as Union armies advanced in Confederate territories. Seceding States ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" South Carolina Mississippi Florida Alabama Georgia Louisiana Texas Virginia Arkansas Tennessee North Carolina First Flag of the Confederate States of America Stars and Bars Great Seal of the Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate States of America Abraham Lincoln 16th President of the United States of America Battle of Fort Sumter April 12–13, 1861 This event triggered the American Civil War Fort Sumter Flag Diamond-shaped star formation Battle of Gettysburg July 1–3, 1863 A Major Victory of the United States against the Confederacy Age of Enlightenment ï‚â€" The era in Western philosophy and intellectual, scientific and cultural life, centered upon the eighteenth century, in which reason was advocated as the primary source for legitimacy and authority. ï‚â€" At its core was a critical questioning of traditional institutions, customs, and morals, and a strong belief in rationality and science. ï‚â€" The Enlightenment is held to be the source of critical ideas, such as the centrality of freedom, democracy, and reason as primary values of society. ï‚â€" This view argues that the establishment of a contractual basis of rights would lead to the market mechanism and capitalism, the scientific method, religious tolerance, and the organization of states into self-governing republics through democratic means. Scientific Revolution ï‚â€" A period when new ideas in physics, astronomy, biology, human anatomy, chemistry, and other sciences led to a rejection of doctrines that had prevailed starting from Ancient Greece to the Middle Ages, and laid the foundation of modern science. ï‚â€" The 19th century saw the birth of science as a profession; the term scientist was coined in 1833 by William Whewell. ï‚â€" New discoveries and inventions were established during this period such as the Spinning Jenny, Cotton gin, and steam power led to the Industrial Revolution. Industrial Revolution ï‚â€" Economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships, railways, and later in the 19th century with the internal combustion engine and electrical power generation. Literature ï‚â€" The new century opens with Romanticism, a movement that spread throughout Europe in reaction to 18th-century rationalism. Writers of the th 19 Century ï‚â€" Alexandre Dumas, pere – The Count of Monte Cristo, The Three Musketeers ï‚â€" Charles Dickens – Oliver Twist, Great Expectations, A Christmas Carol ï‚â€" Victor Hugo – Les Miserables, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame ï‚â€" Hans Christian Andersen – The Little Mermaid, Thumbelina, The Ugly Duckling ï‚â€" Johann ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" Wolfgang von Goethe – Faust Nathaniel Hawthorne – The Scarlet Letter Harriet Beecher Stowe – Uncle Tom’s Cabin Émile Zola – J’accuse Arthur Conan Doyle – Sherlock Holmes Bram Stoker – Dracula Bram Stoker Nathaniel Hawthorne Harriet Beecher Stowe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Alexandre Dumas, pere Arthur Conan Doyle Hans Christian Andersen Charles Dickens Emile Zola Victor Hugo Significant Events in Spain during the 19th Century ï‚â€" The Peninsular War was an opportunity for the Spanish colonies to declare independence from Spain. ï‚â€" Spain lost all her colonies in Latin America except Cuba and Puerto Rico. Florida was sold to the United States. ï‚â€" The Cadiz Constitution was a defining moment of liberalism in Spain. This will also give way to tensions between the Conservatives and Liberals. ï‚â€" The situation in Spain grow worse due to the Carlist Wars. Peninsular War ï‚â€" Was a contest between France and the allied powers of Spain, the United Kingdom, and Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars. ï‚â€" Rey Carlos IV, along with his prime minister Manuel de Godoy, kept on switching sides during the Peninsular War resulting from his abdication in favor of his son, future Rey Fernando VII. Peninsular Wars (cont.) ï‚â€" After Spain’s surrender in 1808, Napoleon installed his brother, Joseph Bonaparte as King of Spain. ï‚â€" Joseph never had full control of Spain due to the little wars (guerilla). ï‚â€" Juan Martà ­n Dà ­ez was among the leading guerilla. He was named El Empecinado (The Undaunted). ï‚â€" In 1814, Rey Fernando VII returned to Spain and restored the Bourbon rule in Spain. The Second of May 1808 (The Charge of the Mamelukes) Francisco Goya Rey Carlos IV De Jure King of Spain Joseph Bonaparte De Facto King of Spain Juan Martà ­n Dà ­ez El Empecinado (The Undaunted) Manuel de Godoy Prà ­ncipe de la Paz Carlos IV’s Prime Minister Rey Fernando VII King of Spain upon Restoration Spanish Constitution of 1812 ï‚â€" Also known as Cadiz Constitution, was made by the Liberals of Spain during the Peninsular War. ï‚â€" Liberal deputies were in the majority, and they wanted: ï‚â€" Equality before the law ï‚â€" A centralized government ï‚â€" An efficient modern civil service ï‚â€" A reform of the tax system ï‚â€" The replacement of feudal privileges by freedom of contract ï‚â€" The recognition of the property owner’s right to use his property as he saw fit. Cadiz Constitution (cont.) ï‚â€" The Cortes of Cà ¡diz worked feverishly, and the first written Spanish constitution was promulgated in the city of Cà ¡diz on March 12, 1812. ï‚â€" The Constitution of 1812 is regarded as the first example of classic liberalism in Spain, and one of the first worldwide. ï‚â€" During the early nineteenth century it served as a model for liberal constitutions of several Mediterranean and Latin American nations. ï‚â€" Rey Fernando VII promised support on the new constitution. But he later repealed it, backed by Conservatives and the Roman Catholic Church, citing that the constitution made by a Cortes assembled in his absence and without his consent. Florida Purchase ï‚â€" In 1819, Spain was forced to sell Florida to the United States for 5 million dollars. Carlist Wars ï‚â€" From 1833 to 1876. ï‚â€" This splintered the country into two factions known as the Cristinos (or Isabelinos) and the Carlists. ï‚â€" The Cristinos were the supporters of the Queen Regent, Isabella II and her government. ï‚â€" The Carlists were the supporters of Carlos V, a pretender to the throne and brother of the deceased Ferdinand VII. Reina Isabella II Daugther of Fernando VII Infante Carlos, Conde de Molina Brother of Fernando VII The Rise of the Ilustrado Class ï‚â€" They are from the middle class ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" society. They were the children of wealthy landowners. They were educated in Spanish and exposed to Spanish liberal and European nationalist ideals. They were composed of nativeborn intellectuals and cut across ethno-linguistic and racial line. They sought reform through â€Å"a more equitable arrangement of both political and economic power† under Spanish tutelage. Rapid Decline of Spanish Rule in the Philippines ï‚â€" Church power was at a decline in Europe and friars began pouring more to the Philippines. This proved to be problematic as friars gained more power. ï‚â€" More peninsulares began pouring into the colony and began occupying the various government positions traditionally held by the criollo or insulares. ï‚â€" The criollo or insulares, now almost disenfranchised from power, demanded representation in the Spanish Cortes where they could express their grievances.